全文获取类型
收费全文 | 7717篇 |
免费 | 1158篇 |
国内免费 | 1212篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 220篇 |
2022年 | 201篇 |
2021年 | 275篇 |
2020年 | 353篇 |
2019年 | 390篇 |
2018年 | 347篇 |
2017年 | 386篇 |
2016年 | 373篇 |
2015年 | 329篇 |
2014年 | 427篇 |
2013年 | 557篇 |
2012年 | 290篇 |
2011年 | 358篇 |
2010年 | 339篇 |
2009年 | 441篇 |
2008年 | 434篇 |
2007年 | 484篇 |
2006年 | 403篇 |
2005年 | 393篇 |
2004年 | 305篇 |
2003年 | 262篇 |
2002年 | 253篇 |
2001年 | 184篇 |
2000年 | 163篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 106篇 |
1996年 | 112篇 |
1995年 | 116篇 |
1994年 | 105篇 |
1993年 | 119篇 |
1992年 | 103篇 |
1991年 | 78篇 |
1990年 | 67篇 |
1989年 | 78篇 |
1988年 | 52篇 |
1987年 | 46篇 |
1986年 | 61篇 |
1985年 | 84篇 |
1984年 | 81篇 |
1983年 | 64篇 |
1982年 | 89篇 |
1981年 | 72篇 |
1980年 | 55篇 |
1979年 | 53篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 11篇 |
1973年 | 16篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
991.
992.
Pedersen PL 《Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes》2007,39(1):1-12
This introductory article to the review series entitled “The Cancer Cell’s Power Plants as Promising Therapeutic Targets”
is written while more than 20 million people suffer from cancer. It summarizes strategies to destroy or prevent cancers by
targeting their energy production factories, i.e., “power plants.” All nucleated animal/human cells have two types of power
plants, i.e., systems that make the “high energy” compound ATP from ADP and P
i
. One type is “glycolysis,” the other the “mitochondria.” In contrast to most normal cells where the mitochondria are the
major ATP producers (>90%) in fueling growth, human cancers detected via Positron Emission Tomography (PET) rely on both types
of power plants. In such cancers, glycolysis may contribute nearly half the ATP even in the presence of oxygen (“Warburg effect”).
Based solely on cell energetics, this presents a challenge to identify curative agents that destroy only cancer cells as they
must destroy both of their power plants causing “necrotic cell death” and leave normal cells alone. One such agent, 3-bromopyruvate
(3-BrPA), a lactic acid analog, has been shown to inhibit both glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP production in rapidly growing
cancers (Ko et al., Cancer Letts., 173, 83–91, 2001), leave normal cells alone, and eradicate advanced cancers (19 of 19)
in a rodent model (Ko et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 324, 269–275, 2004). A second approach is to induce only cancer
cells to undergo “apoptotic cell death.” Here, mitochondria release cell death inducing factors (e.g., cytochrome c). In a
third approach, cancer cells are induced to die by both apoptotic and necrotic events. In summary, much effort is being focused
on identifying agents that induce “necrotic,” “apoptotic” or apoptotic plus necrotic cell death only in cancer cells. Regardless
how death is inflicted, every cancer cell must die, be it fast or slow. 相似文献
993.
994.
Kim PI Jung MY Chang YH Kim S Kim SJ Park YH 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,74(5):1103-1111
One strain of Lactobacillus salivarius, two strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus amylovorus, and two strains of Bifidobacterium thermacidophilum with antagonistic effect against Clostridium perfringens were isolated from porcine gastrointestinal tract. Isolates were assayed for their ability to survive in synthetic gastric
juice at pH 2.5 and were examined for their ability to grow on agar plate containing porcine bile extract. There was a large
variation in the survival of the isolates in gastric juice and growth in the medium containing 0.3% (w/v) bile. L. salivarius G11 and L. amylovorus S6 adhered to the HT-29 epithelial cell line. Cell-free supernatant of L. amylovorus S6 showed higher antagonistic activity as effective as the antibiotics such as neomycin, chlortetracycline, and oxytetracycline
against bacterial pathogens including C. perfringens, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, Edwardsiella tarda, and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. 相似文献
995.
Cho EJ Hwang HJ Kim SW Oh JY Baek YM Choi JW Bae SH Yun JW 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2007,75(6):1257-1265
The anti-diabetic activities of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by submerged mycelial culture of two different mushrooms,
Tremella fuciformis and Phellinus baumii, in ob/ob mice were investigated. All the animals were randomly divided into three groups with seven animals in each group: The control
group received 0.9% NaCl solution; the diabetic groups were treated with EPS from T. fuciformis (Tf EPS) and P. baumii (Pb EPS) at the level of 200 mg/kg body weight using an oral zoned daily for 52 days. The plasma glucose levels in the EPS-fed
mice were substantially reduced by about 52% (Tf EPS) and 32% (Pb EPS), respectively, as compared to control mice. The results
of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) revealed that both EPS-fed groups significantly increased the glucose disposal after
52 days of EPS treatments. Furthermore, higher food efficiency ratios and reduced blood triglyceride levels were observed
in the EPS-treated groups. Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is indeed a key regulator of
insulin action, we investigated the expression pattern of adipose tissue PPAR-γ messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasma levels of
PPAR-γ. It was revealed that PPAR-γ was significantly activated in response to EPS treatments. The results suggested that
both EPS exhibited considerable hypoglycemic effect and improved insulin sensitivity possibly through regulating PPAR-γ-mediated
lipid metabolism. Our results indicated that two mushroom-derived EPS might be developed as potential oral hypoglycemic agents
or functional foods for the management of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 相似文献
996.
Cordyceps sinensis is widely used as a traditional medicine for treatment of a wide variety of diseases or to maintain health. The immunomodulatory
activity of polysaccharides prepared from submerged cultured C. sinensis BCRC36421 was investigated in human peripheral blood. Results demonstrated that Fr. A (exo-polysaccharides, 0.025 ∼ 0.1 mg/ml)
induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 dose-dependently. Fr. A, as low
as 0.025 mg/ml, could significantly augment surface expression of CD11b in monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Functional
assay revealed that Fr. A (0.05 mg/ml) also elevated phagocytosis in monocytes and PMN. On the other hand, Fr. B (intracellular
polysaccharides) only moderately induced TNF-α release, CD11b expression, and phagocytosis at the same concentrations. Our
results indicate that the immunomodulatory components of submerged cultured C. sinensis mainly reside in the culture filtrate. 相似文献
997.
Bioaugmentation and coexistence of two functionally similar bacterial strains in aerobic granules 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The survival of the inoculated microbial culture is critical for successful bioaugmentation but impossible to predict precisely.
As an alternative strategy, bioaugmentation of a group of microorganisms may improve reliability of bioaugmentation. This
study evaluated simultaneous bioaugmentation of two functionally similar bacterial strains in aerobic granules. The two strains,
Pandoraea sp. PG-01 and Rhodococcus erythropolis PG-03, showed high phenol degradation and growth rates in phenol medium, but they were characterized as having a poor aggregation
activity and weak bioflocculant-producing and biofilm-forming abilities. In the spatially homogeneous batch conditions, strain
PG-01 with higher growth rates outcompeted strain PG-03. However, the two strains could stably coexist in the spatially heterogeneous
conditions. Then the two strains were mixed and bioaugmented into activated sludge in two sequencing batch reactors, which
were operated with the different settling times of 5 and 30 min, respectively. Aerobic granules were developed only in the
reactor with a settling time of 5 min. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed
that the two strains could coexist in aerobic granules but not in activated sludge. These findings suggested that the compact
structure of aerobic granules provided spatial isolation for coexistence of competitively superior and inferior strains with
similar functions. 相似文献
998.
Khan Z Akhtar M Asklund T Juliusson B Almqvist PM Ekström TJ 《Experimental cell research》2007,313(13):2958-2967
Enzyme prodrug therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as delivery vehicles has been applied in animal models of gliomas and relies on gap junction communication (GJC) between delivery and target cells. This study investigated the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors on GJC for the purpose of facilitating transfer of therapeutic molecules from recombinant NPCs. We studied a novel immortalized midbrain cell line, NGC-407 of embryonic human origin having neural precursor characteristics, as a potential delivery vehicle. The expression of gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43) was analyzed by western blot and immunocytochemistry. While Cx43 levels were decreased in untreated differentiating NGC-407 cells, the HDAC inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PB) increased Cx43 expression along with increased membranous deposition in both proliferating and differentiating cells. Simultaneously, Ser 279/282-phosphorylated form of Cx43 was declined in both culture conditions by 4-PB. The 4-PB effect in NGC-407 cells was verified by using HNSC.100 human neural progenitors and Trichostatin A. Improved functional GJC is of imperative importance for therapeutic strategies involving intercellular transport of low molecular-weight compounds. We show here an enhancement by 4-PB, of the functional GJC among NGC-407 cells, as well as between NGC-407 and human glioma cells, as indicated by increased fluorescent dye transfer. 相似文献
999.
In Rosenzweig-MacArthur models of predator-prey dynamics, Allee effects in prey usually destabilize interior equilibria and can suppress or enhance limit cycles typical of the paradox of enrichment. We re-evaluate these conclusions through a complete classification of a wide range of Allee effects in prey and predator's functional response shapes. We show that abrupt and deterministic system collapses not preceded by fluctuating predator-prey dynamics occur for sufficiently steep type III functional responses and strong Allee effects (with unstable lower equilibrium in prey dynamics). This phenomenon arises as type III functional responses greatly reduce cyclic dynamics and strong Allee effects promote deterministic collapses. These collapses occur with decreasing predator mortality and/or increasing susceptibility of the prey to fall below the threshold Allee density (e.g. due to increased carrying capacity or the Allee threshold itself). On the other hand, weak Allee effects (without unstable equilibrium in prey dynamics) enlarge the range of carrying capacities for which the cycles occur if predators exhibit decelerating functional responses. We discuss the results in the light of conservation strategies, eradication of alien species, and successful introduction of biocontrol agents. 相似文献
1000.